The Effect of Different Natural Antioxidants on Meat Quality of Broiler Chickens

An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of natural antioxidants (black pepper, green tea, roselle and their combinations) on meat quality of broiler chickens. A total of 270 1 - day old Arbor Acre broiler chicks were randomly distributed into nine treatments of three replicates each (10 birds in each replicate) in a 2 x 5 factorial arrangement for 2 inclusion levels (0.5g and 1.0g per kg of feed) of natural antioxidants (Control (CT), Green tea (GT), Roselle (RS), Black pepper (BP) and combination (CM) of the 3 antioxidants). At the end of the feeding trial (at 8 weeks), nine birds per treatment were immobilized, slaughtered, dressed, weighed and cut into primal cuts. The growth (initial and final body weight gain, average daily feed intake and weight gain, and feed conversion) and blood assay (haematology and serum biochemistry) of the birds were monitored while the breast and thigh meat cuts were subjected to physico-chemical and sensory analysis. The result indicated that, among examined natural antioxidants, BP improved the bird抯 live weight. High Density Lipoprotein value was highest (p<0.05) in control and closely followed by birds on GT, CM, BP and RS. The lowest blood (p<0.05) cholesterol was recorded in RS which was closely followed by GT and CM. Carcass evaluation showed that birds fed BP had better (p<0.05) live weight (2.05kg) and highest acceptability (p<0.05) for organoleptic properties. The breast meat weight was also highest (p<0.05) in BP. It was concluded that the natural antioxidants increased live weight, improved performance and reduced abdominal fat. RS reduced blood cholesterol while RS, CM (GT + RS + BP) inclusion improved serum total protein of broiler chickens. Inclusion of natural antioxidant in the diets of broiler is hereby advocated for achieving optimum broilers performance and meat quality.

Mircowave-Assisted Extraction of Phytochemical Constituents in Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffaL.) is natural source of valuable components such as phenolics, flavonoids and anthocyanins. Anthocyaninis normally used in the food technology to replace synthetic pigments as well as medicinal properties due to antioxidants. Microwave irradiation is a feasible green solvent extraction method receiving great attention as it utilizes solvent at elevated temperature and controlled pressure conditions. Microwave extraction emerges as a promising inexpensive, simple and efficient technique. In our research, various variable like microwave power (20, 40, 60, 80, 100 W), microwave frequency (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 GHz), the micrwave irradiation duration (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 min), liquid to solid ratio (water: material, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1), extraction temperature (50, 55, 60, 65, 70C), number of extraction cycles (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) influencing to the microwave-assisted extraction of phytochemicals in roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)calyx were thoroughly examined. Total total phenolic (mg GAE/ 100g), total flavonoid (mg GE/ 100g), anthocyanin (mg/100g) were key indicators to define the optimal variable. Our resultsrevealed that microwave power at 80 W, frequency 40 GHz, duration 15 min, liquid to solid ratio 4:1, temperature 55C, 4 cycles of extraction were appropriate for extraction of phytochemical components inside roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)calyx

Effect of roselle calyx extract on in vitro viability and biofilm formation ability of oral pathogenic bacteria

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of the roselle calyx extract (RCE) (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) on the in vitro viability and biofilm formation ability of oral pathogenic bacteria.@*METHODS@#RCE was prepared by soaking roselle calyx powder with ethyl alcohol for 24 h at room temperature. After centrifugation, the extract was lyophilized. Then, the extract was dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline, the pH was adjusted, and the extract was aseptically filtered. We used Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, Lactobacillus casei, Actinomyces naeslundii, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia in this study. The antibacterial activity of the RCE was determined by treating the cells of these bacteria with the extract for 10 or 20 min at room temperature. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration was determined using the microdilution method, and the effect of the RCE on the ability to form biofilm was determined using a polystyrene micro plate assay. In addition, we used the WST-1 assay to determine the cytotoxicity of the RCE on HGF, Ca9-22 and KB cells.@*RESULTS@#The RCE had antibacterial activity against oral bacteria used in this study. In particular, most significant antibacterial activity was observed against Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia and Porphyromonas gingivalis. The MIC and minimum bactericidal concentration were 7.2 mg/mL-28.8 mg/mL and 14.4 to >57.6 mg/mL. The RCE had an inhibitory effect on biofilm formation at the MIC and sub-MIC levels. In addition, the RCE had low cytotoxic effects on HGF, Ca9-22 and KB cells.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Thus, our results indicate that the RCE may be used for preventing oral diseases.

Effect of roselle calyx extract on in vitro viability and biofilm formation ability of oral pathogenic bacteria

Objective: To investigate the effect of the roselle calyx extract (RCE) (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) on the in vitro viability and biofilm formation ability of oral pathogenic bacteria. Methods: RCE was prepared by soaking roselle calyx powder with ethyl alcohol for 24 h at room temperature. After centrifugation, the extract was lyophilized. Then, the extract was dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline, the pH was adjusted, and the extract was aseptically filtered. We used Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, Lactobacillus casei, Actinomyces naeslundii, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia in this study. The antibacterial activity of the RCE was determined by treating the cells of these bacteria with the extract for 10 or 20 min at room temperature. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration was determined using the microdilution method, and the effect of the RCE on the ability to form biofilm was determined using a polystyrene micro plate assay. In addition, we used the WST-1 assay to determine the cytotoxicity of the RCE on HGF, Ca9-22 and KB cells. Results: The RCE had antibacterial activity against oral bacteria used in this study. In particular, most significant antibacterial activity was observed against Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia and Porphyromonas gingivalis. The MIC and minimum bactericidal concentration were 7.2 mg/mL-28.8 mg/mL and 14.4 to >57.6 mg/mL. The RCE had an inhibitory effect on biofilm formation at the MIC and sub-MIC levels. In addition, the RCE had low cytotoxic effects on HGF, Ca9-22 and KB cells. Conclusions: Thus, our results indicate that the RCE may be used for preventing oral diseases.

Prevention of Peri-Anesthetic Hypothermia by Regulating Cutaneous Micro-Circulation: a Rodent Model.

Objectives: Patients undergoing surgery involving general anesthesia often suffer from hypothermia, which is associated with various complications. External heating and warming are used to combat hypothermia throughout surgery; however their effectiveness is often limited. In this study we investigated a unique approach utilizing a natural physiological mechanism; protective cutaneous vasoconstriction for reducing peri-anesthetic hypothermia. The concept is based on the dermal application of a cream with vasoconstrictive alpha adrenergic agonist properties designed for this purpose; “thermal cream” (TC). Topical application of the cream was tested in a rodent model. The aim of the present study was to test the efficacy of a topical vasoconstrictive application in reducing peri-anesthetic hypothermia. Materials and Methods: Adult Wistar rats were divided into two experimental arms: application of thermal cream was compared to application of a base cream without any active compound (control) under the same conditions. The rats were exposed to an ambient temperature of 21ºC. Their skin and core temperatures were measured and compared before, during and after anesthesia. Results: The rats underwent rapid hypothermia immediately after the induction of anesthesia. The rats treated with thermal cream had a significantly higher core body temperature than the controls throughout the entire anesthetic period. This difference was even greater when the cream had been applied before the animal underwent anesthesia. Conclusions: The thermal cream was effective in attenuating peri-anesthetic-induced hypothermia in a rodent model. It was easy to apply with no immediate mortality or other major adverse events.

Phenolic compounds of Hibiscus sabdariffa and influence of organic residues on its antioxidant and antitumoral properties / Compostos fenólicos de Hibiscus sabdariffa e influência de resíduos orgânicos em sua propriedade antitumoral e antioxidante

The aim of this study was to evaluate the phenolic and flavonoids contents and the antioxidant and antitumoral activity of leaf and calyx methanolic extracts from Hibiscus sabdariffa (roselle) cultivated with poultry litter and organosuper® under three modes of application. The total phenolic content in the each extract was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and for aluminium chloride flavonoids. The antioxidant parameters were analyzed using a 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH.) free radical scavenging assay. An antitumor colorimetric assay using sulforhodamine B. The highest contents of phenolic and flavonoids were observed in leaf extracts (389.98 and 104.52 mg g–1, respectively) and calyx extracts (474.09 and 148.35 mg g–1, respectively) from plants cultivated with organosuper®, although these values did not differ significantly from those observed for the other treatments. The average IC50 of leaves (43.48 μg mL–1) and calyces (37.15 μg mL–1) demonstrated that both have substances that may contribute to free radical scavenging action. The methanol extract from calyces showed significant selective activity against a leukemia line (K-562), with IC50 values of 0.12 mg mL–1 (organosuper®) and 1.16 mg mL–1 (poultry litter), with concentration-dependent, cytotoxic and cytocidal effects.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade antioxidante, antitumoral e o conteúdo de fenólicos e flavonoides do extrato metanólico das folhas e cálices de Hibiscus sabdariffa (rosela) cultivada com cama de frango e organosuper ® em três modos de aplicação. O conteúdo fenólico total de cada extrato foi determinado utilizando o reagente de Folin-Ciocalteu e cloreto de alumínio para flavonoides. Os parâmetros antioxidantes foram avaliados pelo ensaio de seqüestro de radical livre 2, 2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazil (DPPH.). Na avaliação antitumoral utilizou-se o ensaio colorimétrico com sulforrodamina B. Observou-se o maior conteúdo de fenólicos e flavonoides em extratos de folhas (389.98 e 104.52 mg g–1, respectivamente) e extratos de cálice (474.09 e 148.35 mg g–1, respectivamente) de plantas cultivadas com organosuper ®, embora esses valores não diferiram significativamente daqueles observados para os outros tratamentos. O IC50 de folhas (43.48 µg mL–1) e cálices (37.15 µg mL–1) demonstrou que ambos têm substâncias que podem contribuir para a ação seqüestradora de radicais livres. O extrato metanólico dos cálices mostrou seletividade na linhagem de leucemia (K-562), com valores de IC50 de 0,12 mg mL–1 (organosuper®) e 1,16 mg mL–1 (cama-de-frango) com concentração-dependente e efeito citotóxico e citocida.

Potential of aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces as colorin agent in three pediatric oral pharmaceutical formulations.

Aqueous extracts of Roselle or Hibiscus sabdariffa L calyces have characteristic intense red colouration due to the presence of anthocyanins which could be utilised as colouring agent in pharmaceutical products. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the potential of aqueous extract of H. sabdariffa calyces as a colouring agent in three pediatric oral pharmaceutical formulations. The colour value of H. sabdariffa calyx extract was determined colorimetrically at λmax 540 nm to be within the BP range of ≥ 0.25. The colour value of H. sabdariffa (0.26) was lower than that of amaranth (0.46), a synthetic commercial pharmaceutical colourant. H. sabdariffa calyx extract retained its colour value within the BP standard for up to six months. The aqueous extract of H. sabdariffa calyces at 33 % w/v was used as colouring agent in paracetamol syrup, diphenhydramine syrup and pediatric cough linctus and the colour stability of the formulations against temperature, light and pH were determined. H. sabdariffa calyx extract was less stable than amaranth to temperature, light and pH when used as a colouring agent. H. sabdariffa calyx extract at 33 % w/v has potential as a colouring agent in pharmaceutical formulations when buffered at pH 5.0, packaged in amber bottles and stored at low temperatures (26-37 °C).

The protective effect of aqueous extracts of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L. UKMR-2) against red blood cell membrane oxidative stress in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of aqueous extracts of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L. UKMR-2) against red blood cell (RBC) membrane oxidative stress in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. METHODS: Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 230-250 g were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10 rats each): control group (N), roselle-treated control group, diabetic group, and roselle-treated diabetic group. Roselle was administered by force-feeding with aqueous extracts of roselle (100 mg/kg body weight) for 28 days. RESULTS: The results demonstrated that the malondialdehyde levels of the red blood cell membranes in the diabetic group were significantly higher than the levels in the roselle-treated control and roselle-treated diabetic groups. The protein carbonyl level was significantly higher in the roselle-treated diabetic group than in the roselle-treated control group but lower than that in the diabetic group. A significant increase in the red blood cell membrane superoxide dismutase enzyme was found in roselle-treated diabetic rats compared with roselle-treated control rats and diabetic rats. The total protein level of the red blood cell membrane, osmotic fragility, and red blood cell morphology were maintained. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates that aqueous extracts of roselle possess a protective effect against red blood cell membrane oxidative stress in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. These data suggest that roselle can be used as a natural antioxidative supplement in the prevention of oxidative damage in diabetic patients. .

An Overview of the Roselle Plant with Particular Reference to Its Cultivation, Diseases and Usages.

Aims: This paper is a review of the applications, production and uses of Roselle plants, and points out that Roselle is a promising crop for medicinal uses, which is an aspect that has not been widely studied to date. Study Design and Methodology: A review of the literature from the pioneering study of 1929 until 2012. Place and Duration of Study: School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang, Malaysia, between June 2008 and July 2010. Results: Our review of the studies mentioned in the literature was performed on the effects on Cultivation, Diseases and Usages of (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Roselle. Conclusion: Roselle has been used as an herbal medicine in phytotherapy and nutritional plant in many years. According to the medical potential of this plant, need further work to validate reliability.

In vitro Antioxidant Activities of Extract and Oil from Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Seed against Sunflower Oil Autoxidation

Introduction: In order to overcome the stability problems of oils and fats, synthetic antioxidants such as butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and tert-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) have widespread use as food additives in many countries. Recent reports reveal that these compounds may be implicated in many health risks, including cancer and carcinogenesis. Hence, there is a move towards the use of natural antioxidants of plant origin to replace these synthetic antioxidants. Methods: In this study, roselle seed oil (RSO) and extract (RSE) were mixed with sunflower oil, respectively to monitor degradation rate and investigate antioxidant activity during accelerated storage. Results: The antioxidant activity was found to stabilise sunflower oil of various samples and in the order of RSE>RSO>tocopherol>sunflower oil. The total percentage increased after 5 days of storage period in free fatty acid (FFA), peroxide value (PV) and anisidine value (AV). Total oxidation value (TOx) of sunflower oil supplemented with 1500 ppm RSE was 33.3%, 47.7%, 14.5%, and 45.5%, respectively. While the total percentage increased under different analysis methods, sunflower oil supplemented with 5% RSO was 17.2%, 60.4%, 36.2% and 59.0% in the order of FFA, PV, AV and TOTOX. Both RSO and RSE were found to be more effective in stabilisation of sunflower oil compared to tocopherol. Total phenolic content of RSE was 46.40 ± 1.51 mg GAE/100g of oil while RSO was 12.51 ± 0.15 mg GAE/100g of oil. Conclusion: The data indicates that roselle seed oil and seed extract are rich in phenolics and antioxidant activities and may be a potential source of natural antioxidants.

Hibiscus sabdariffa L: fuente de fibra antioxidante: [revisión] / Hibiscus sabdariffa L: source of antioxidant dietary fiber: [review]

Fibra dietética y compuestos antioxidantes son dos conceptos que generalmente se utilizan por separado tanto en la industria como en nutrición. Actualmente el concepto de fibra se ha ampliado debido a que en los alimentos hay otros componentes diferentes a polisacáridos y lignina que no son digeridos en el intestino delgado y que pasan al intestino grueso constituyendo la mayor parte del substrato para la microbiota colónica. El concepto de fibra antioxidante se refiere a aquella materia prima con un elevado porcentaje de fibra dietética y cantidades apreciables de antioxidantes naturales asociados a la matriz del conjunto de compuestos no digestibles. Las flores de Hibiscus sabdariffa L, presentan en su composición un porcentaje importante de fibra dietética así como una elevada capacidad antioxidante. La infusión que se obtiene de la decocción de los cálices de Hibiscus, ha sido ampliamente estudiada debido a las propiedades saludables que se le confieren. En este trabajo se consideran los principales aspectos nutricionales de Hibiscus sabdariffa L y se plantea la posibilidad de estudiarlos como una posible fuente de fibra antioxidante, con propiedades funcionales de interés nutricional.

Dietary fiber and antioxidants are food constituents and functional ingredients that are generally addressed separately. Nowadays there is scientific evidence that primary characteristics of DF assigned to non starch polysaccharides and lignin (resistance to digestion and absorption in the small intestine and fermentation in the large intestine) can be extended to other indigestible food constituents that are resistant to digestion and absorption in the human small intestine with complete or partial fermentation in the large intestine. The antioxidant dietary fiber concept was defined as a dietary fiber concentrate containing significant amounts of natural antioxidants associated with non digestible compounds. Hibiscus sabdariffa L flower shows in its composition an important percentage of dietary fiber and high antioxidant capacity. The infusion obtained by decoction of flowers, had been extensibility studied due to the healthy properties. In this work the principal nutritional aspects from Hibiscus sabdariffa L and its use as a possible antioxidant dietary fiber source had been considered.